Skin and Hair
Hair Dye Safety: Allergies, Patch Tests, and PPD
Is hair dye safe, and do you really need to do the patch test? Millions of people dye their hair with no problems. But some people get allergic reactions, and a few are serious. Here is what to know.
What people say online
Many people online say:
- They have dyed for years with no issues, so they skip the patch test
- "Natural" or "ammonia free" dye means no allergy risk
- A small itch after dyeing is normal
Some of this is risky. Here is why.
What PPD is
PPD, short for paraphenylenediamine, is an ingredient in many permanent and darker hair dyes. The FDA says PPD has been linked more than other ingredients to allergic reactions. DermNet, a skin health resource run by dermatologists, explains that the allergy can show up even after years of using the same dye with no problem.
People can also become sensitive to PPD from other things, like "black henna" temporary tattoos. A person who got one of those tattoos may react badly to hair dye later.
Why the patch test matters every time
The FDA says to do a patch test before every dye job, not just the first time, and that salons should do it too. Follow the instructions on the box. If you get a rash, do not use the dye.
DermNet notes a patch test is not a perfect guarantee, but it lowers your risk. "Ammonia free" or "natural" labels do not mean PPD free, so read the ingredient list.
Signs of a reaction
- Itching, redness, or burning on the scalp, face, or neck
- Swelling, especially around the eyes or face
- Blisters or oozing skin
If your face swells or you have trouble breathing, get emergency help right away. For milder reactions, stop using the dye. Once you are allergic, each new exposure can bring a worse reaction.
Other safety tips from the FDA
- Wear gloves
- Never dye eyebrows or eyelashes at home, as it can hurt your eyes
- Do not leave dye on longer than the box says
- Do not dye if your scalp is irritated or sunburned
- Never mix different dye products
Positives of hair dye
- Big change in look. It can help you look the way you want.
- Usually safe when you follow the directions.
Negatives
- Allergy risk that can grow over time
- Can damage hair if you lighten a lot
- Upkeep as roots grow in
Bottom line
Hair dye is safe for most people, but PPD allergies are real and can start at any time. Do the patch test every time, read labels, and stop at the first sign of a reaction. If you are trying a new color and want feedback, The Face They See lets people of the opposite gender rank your photos for free.